Explorerers

African studies is the study of Africa, particularly its cultures and societies (as opposed to its geology, geography, zoology, etc.).

Africa’s history (pre-colonial, colonial, and post-colonial), demography (ethnic groups), culture, politics, economy, languages, and religion are all studied in this field (Islam, Christianity, traditional religions).

An “africanist” is a person who specializes in African studies. A key focus of the discipline is to interrogate traditional disciplines’ epistemological approaches, theories, and methods through a critical lens that incorporates African-centered ways of knowing and references.

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The European exploration of Africa and the Transatlantic slave trade by explorers and missionaries, as well as the colonial Scramble for Africa by European imperialists, are the early anthropological foundations for much of the knowledge about Africa in modern academic fields, including African studies.

After 1945, the Cold War, international development agendas, and Area Studies, which had increasing policy relevance in this emerging environment, resulted in the mass development of African Studies organizations (e.g., centers, institutes) throughout continental Africa.

Following African independence, many former colonial staff in Europe and Africa joined the newly formed African Studies organizations.

ITEL P36 ITEL P37 FREE MY MIND I’M A MESS SMART 5 CUBOT NOTE 7 CUBOT X30 NOVA 8I P SMART 2021 NOSRWebs MUSIC PAKISTAN SOUTH AFRICA FINANCE

Following African independence and the end of World War II, colonial knowledge production methods faced new challenges and changes.

Because World War II occurred without Africa directly participating in it, many Africans saw the African world as a distinct option apart from the Eastern and Western worlds, and African leaders (e.g., Nnamdi Azikiwe, Kwame Nkrumah, Leopold Senghor) refused to accept European imperialism’s presumptions and advocated for Africans to have a knowledge of themselves as being essential to the political and economic wellness of their citizenry.

As a result of the dialectics of African independence, European scholars such as Basil Davidson and Thomas Hodgkin were able to challenge colonial ideas and standards.

Following the end of colonialism, African intellectuals built and organized the African higher education system in Africa, and in response to this development, Europeans in the United Kingdom established African studies institutions in the 1950s and 1960s.

Due to the shortcomings of Western disciplinary approaches to the study of Africa, an interdisciplinary configuration of African studies has emerged.

The African Studies Association of the United Kingdom (ASAUK) was founded in 1963, with some interaction (e.g., collaboration, deba